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Alwin Wang edited this page Jul 30, 2025
·
3 revisions
In POSIX sh, case modification is undefined.
(or "In dash, ... is not supported." when using dash)
Problematic code:
#!/bin/sh
x='test'echo"${x^^[t]}"
Correct code:
The easiest solution is to switch to a shell that does support name matching prefixes, like bash:
#!/bin/bash
x='test'echo"${x^^[t]}"
Alternatively, use external tools like tr for case conversion
#!/bin/sh
x='test'echo"$x"| tr 't''T'
Rationale:
Case modification in parameter expansion (e.g., ${x^^}, ${x,,}, ${x^}, ${x,[pattern]}) is a bash and ksh extension. dash and POSIX sh do not support it.
Exceptions:
If you only intend to target shells that supports this feature, you can change
the shebang to a shell that guarantees support, or ignore this warning.
You can use # shellcheck disable=SC3000-SC4000 to ignore all such compatibility
warnings.
Related resources:
Help by adding links to BashFAQ, StackOverflow, man pages, POSIX, etc!